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Treatment of paints with organic compounds
A paint is any liquid or liquefied pigment composition that turns into a solid layer after being applied to a thin substrate. It is commonly used to protect or color objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor or synthetic. Paint is usually stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.
Most paints are either oil-based or water-based and each has distinct properties. It's even illegal in most countries to dispose of oil paint down drains or home sewers.
Cleaning solvents for water-based paint are also different from oil-based paint solvents. Water-based and oil-based paints will treat differently based on the outside ambient temperature of the object to be painted (such as a home). Normally the wall being painted should be more than 10°C (50°F).
To obtain good results from paints, they must be mixed with some organic solvents that do not affect the quality of the color, but rather in order to liquefy, as the adhesive substance is the component of the paint, and it is the only component that is always present among all kinds of different formulations. Many of the bonds are too thick to apply and must be loosened. The type of diluent, if any, varies with the binder.
The bond imparts properties such as luster, durability, flexibility and hardness.
Adhesives include synthetic or natural resins such as alkyds, acrylics, vinyl-acrylics, vinyl/ethylene acetate (VAE), polyurethane, polyester, melamine resins, epoxy, silane, siloxanes, or oils.
Adhesives can be classified according to the mechanisms of paint formation, wherein the mechanisms of thermoplastics include drying and fusion. Drying refers to the simple evaporation of a solvent or thinner to leave a cohesive film behind. Fusion refers to a mechanism that involves drying followed by actual permeation and fusion of previously separated particles. Thermoplastic film forming mechanisms are sometimes described as "heat treatment" but this is a misnomer because there are no chemical processing reactions required to bond paints with cures.
On the other hand, thermosetting mechanisms are a real processing mechanism that involves chemical reaction(s) between the polymers that make up the binder.
Pigments are granular solids incorporated into paint to contribute color. They are colorants that dissolve in paint.
The fillers are compact granular solids to impart strength, texture, give the coating special properties or to reduce the cost of coating.
During production, the size of these particles can be measured with the Hegman scale. Rather than using only solid particles, some paints contain pigments instead of, or combined with, pigments.
Dyes can be classified as natural or synthetic. Natural pigments include various types of clay, calcium carbonate, mica, silica, and talc.
Synthetics may include engineered particles, calcined clay, plank stabilizer, precipitated calcium carbonate, and synthetic pyrogenic silicate.
Hidden pigments, in making the paint opaque, also protect the substrate from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. Masking pigments include titanium dioxide, phthalo blue, iron oxide red, and many others.
Filler is a special type of pigment that thickens the layer, supports its structure and increases the volume of the coating. Filling materials are usually cheap and inert, such as diatomaceous earth, talc, lime, barite, clay, etc. Floor paints that must resist abrasion may contain fine quartz sand as a filler.
Also, not all paints contain fillers. On the other hand, some paints contain significant proportions of pigment/filler and binder.
Some pigments are toxic, such as the lead pigments used in lead paint. Paint manufacturers began replacing lead white pigments with titanium white (titanium dioxide), before lead was banned in paint for residential use in 1978 by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. The titanium dioxide used in most paints today is often coated with silica/alumina/zirconium for various reasons, such as to improve external durability, or to improve masking (opaque) performance which is enhanced by optimum spacing within the coating.
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